Lower Motor Apparatus Practice Test

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• Which structure is primarily associated with the hypoglossal nucleus?
• Cervical and lumbar enlargements are areas of the spinal cord that innervate which?
• What is the third step of the stretch reflex?
• If spindles are described as becoming loose during movement, what does this imply?
• The brain does not have to control every ______ we create.
• During sympathetic activation, which digestive process is inhibited?
• In the sympathetic system, acetylcholine is used at preganglionic to postganglionic synapses, and postganglionic to effector synapses occur only sometimes.
• How do we use muscle length information?
• Which muscles are cited as examples of extrafusal fibers?
• Dorsal motor nucleus equals CN ___
• Which pupil change is associated with sympathetic activation?
• Do we use muscle length information all the time?
• What does convergence refer to in motor control?
• Which of the following is NOT a visceral motor brainstem nucleus?
• Cranial nerves are simply alpha motor neurons that innervate muscles of which region?
• Cranial nerves (autonomic fibers) ONLY carry ___ fibers.
• What part of the building blocks idea is still relevant/applicable today?
• Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in which division of the autonomic nervous system?
• Which statement about alpha motor neurons is correct?
• Which enlargement is associated with the upper limbs?
• Movement can be produced by reflex circuits in which components of the nervous system?
• The salivatory nuclei are associated with which cranial nerves?
• What are the three components of spinal cord motor nuclei?
• What are the three components of brainstem motor nuclei?
• In the upper pons, which nucleus related to sensation from the face can be observed?
• Central pattern generators produce what type of movement patterns?
• The sympathetic division originates from which region?
• The cell bodies of both alpha and gamma motor neurons are located in which region?
• Where are the motor nuclei located?
• Which areas are cited as main controllers of autonomic motor neurons?
• Which cranial nerve provides parasympathetic fibers that control pupil constriction?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between alpha motor neurons and movement?
• The muscle spindle sensitivity arises from the activity of which fibers?
• Autonomic motor neurons are responsible for conscious sensation.
• What does the oculomotor nucleus control?
• The nerve fibers involved in the stretch reflex are which type?
• A lower motor neuron lesion results in which outcome?
• What must we do if we want flexion?
• The thoracic and lumbar regions define which division of the autonomic nervous system?
• Which statement best describes cranial nerves in this motor system context?
• The trigeminal motor nucleus is located in which region?
• Polysynaptic reflexes are the most ___ collection of synapses?
• The accessory nucleus innervates which muscles?
• Which artery is responsible for facial flushing by bringing more blood to the face?
• Which statement best describes gamma motor neurons?
• The hypoglossal nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Which structure expands to bring in more air?
• The parasympathetic preganglionic neuron pools are located in which region described in the material?
• What role do Ia afferents play in the stretch reflex?
• What are the three types of motor neurons?
• The postganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter is a biogenic amine.
• Which reflex component is associated with central pattern generator mechanisms in the provided material?
• What CN contains 75% of parasympathetic information?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a brainstem motor nucleus component?
• Gamma motor neurons innervate which fibers?
• The trigeminal motor nucleus is associated with which muscles?
• True or false: Motor responses involve multiple synapses and inputs.
• CN X innervates the upper portion of the gut by which fraction?
• The parasympathetic system uses which structure for preganglionic cell bodies instead of the intermediate horn?
• Which of the following is NOT a distal motor nucleus of the brainstem?
• What is the primary function of extrafusal fibers?
• Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in which spinal segments?
• Gamma motor neurons prepare the body to sense a change in what parameter?
• Sympathetic ganglia are located outside the central nervous system, in the peripheral nervous system.
• Which cell type acts as an intermediary within reflex pathways to connect sensory input to motor output?
• Sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in which spinal segments?
• The cervical enlargement corresponds to which limbs?
• Which cranial nerve nucleus is cited as an example of an axial motor nucleus in the brainstem?
• What fibers do alpha motor neurons innervate?
• Postganglionic signaling to effector organs in the sympathetic system involves which type of mediators?
• The abducens nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Cranial nerves with autonomic fibers carry exclusively parasympathetic fibers.
• Polysynaptic reflexes involve synapses on both sides.
• The parasympathetic ANS utilizes acetylcholine at which synapses?
• The accessory nucleus is AKA what?
• What does divergence mean in neural signaling?
• The muscles of mastication are innervated by which cranial nerve?
• Oculomotor nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve number?
• The preganglionic cells for sympathetic innervation reside in which portion of the spinal cord?
• The parasympathetic system is associated with two functions:
• During movement, what happens to muscle spindles?
• From which spinal levels do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system exit the cord?
• The facial motor nucleus is associated with which function?
• Where are the craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies located?
• Which statement about afferent signals in motor control is correct?
• Where does basic motor control occur in the nervous system?
• Facial motor nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Do intrafusal fibers contract?
• What does the trochlear nucleus control?
• The trochlear nucleus is located in which part of the brainstem?
• Which of the following are examples of sympathetic responses?
• Which structures primarily control autonomic motor neurons?
• Alpha and gamma motor neurons work ___ but have separate ___?
• What action do alpha motor neurons perform on muscle spindles?
• The Edinger-Westphal nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Which nucleus is primarily responsible for tongue movement?
• In polysynaptic reflexes, synapses occur along multiple sides of which structures?
• What are building blocks?
• The autonomic nervous system comprises which two parts?
• Muscle spindles help us recognize what aspects of movement?
• Trigeminal motor nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Which cranial nerve is associated with tongue movement?
• Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers run in which cranial nerves? (4)
• Monosynaptic reflex means:
• Parasympathetic activation commonly leads to which effect?
• The sympathetic nervous system responds to perceived threats.
• Are the visceral brainstem nuclei somatic motor or autonomic/parasympathetic motor?
• Which neuron types directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers?
• What are the two autonomic LMN called?
• Very simple movements can be controlled at ______.
• Which statement best describes the two parts of the autonomic system?
• Stretch reflex with reciprocal inhibition is (less/more) involved.
• Which list correctly names the axial brainstem nuclei?
• Where is the abducens nucleus located within the brainstem?
• Parasympathetic responses try to do the ______ of sympathetic responses.
• Basic reflex movements are generated primarily by circuits in which part of the nervous system?
• What do spindles detect that informs body position?
• What are the functions of salivatory nuclei?
• Reciprocal inhibition serves to?
• What is the first step of the stretch reflex?
• Which nucleus coordinates the abduction of the eye?
• An upper motor neuron lesion typically results in which motor outcome?
• The intermediate horn contains preganglionic neurons located in which spinal segments?
• The trigeminal motor nucleus is located in which portion of the brainstem?
• The intermediate horn is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
• Which statement is true about the intermediate horn?
• Nucleus ambiguus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• What is the stretch reflex best described as?
• The autonomic division that mediates 'fight or flight' responses is which?
• What is an antagonist?
• Where is the accessory nucleus located?
• Which term is described as the simplest organizational unit of motor control within the spinal cord?
• The nucleus ambiguus innervates muscles to mediate which function?
• The stretch reflex is also known as a ______.
• Where is the oculomotor nucleus located?
• The preganglionic neuron (LMN) of sympathetic neurons synapses on the postsynaptic neuron in a ___
• Which type of muscles does the nucleus ambiguus control?
• How can the brainstem and spinal cord create movement?
• True or False: Cervical region has lots of nuclei.
• Which fibers are primarily responsible for generating skeletal muscle force?
• Polysynaptic reflexes involve synapses on both sides.
• What are alpha motor neurons?
• Which statement correctly describes the overall division of the autonomic nervous system?
• Flexor withdrawal with crossed extension is achieved through which organizational principles?
• The brainstem and spinal cord can coordinate basic, automatic, and reflexive movements without which input?
• Which nucleus is involved in parasympathetic output to the pupil?
• Where are alpha and gamma motor neurons located in cranial nerves?
• Coordination of movement at lower levels is achieved through what mechanisms across the brainstem and spinal cord?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as part of the three components involved in motor responses?
• Which statement best describes the locations of motor nuclei?
• The spinal accessory nucleus is the motor nucleus for which nerve?
• The distal brainstem nuclei are primarily which type of motor?
• What is the function of the nucleus ambiguus?
• The dorsal motor nucleus is associated with which autonomic division?
• Gamma motor neurons are associated with which property of the spindle?
• Which nucleus involved in tongue movements is located in the upper medulla?
• Which nucleus is located in the upper midbrain?
• The dorsal motor nucleus is part of the ___ motor system
• What are the five Fs associated with the sympathetic system?
• What role do intrafusal fibers have in contracting?
• Which action is controlled by neurons in the abducens nucleus?
• Where is the nucleus ambiguus located?
• What is reciprocal inhibition?
• Extrafusal fibers are defined as what?
• What happens to the antagonist during reciprocal inhibition?
• Where is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus located?
• In the upper pons, which nucleus can be observed besides the trigeminal motor nucleus?
• What is the second step of the stretch reflex?
• Which nuclei are considered visceral motor nuclei of the brainstem?
• Polysynaptic reflexes are characterized by which feature?
• From which levels do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the brainstem or spinal cord?
• Where are the thoracolumbar preganglionic neuron cell bodies located?
• Alpha motor neurons are primarily associated with which function?
• Which nucleus is described as controlling somatic motor - active/voluntary movement?
• What is the function of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
• The oculomotor nucleus controls movement of which of the following?
• Extrafusal fibers are innervated by which neurons?
• How many eye muscles are activated by the oculomotor nucleus?
• Which statement correctly contrasts UMN and LMN lesions according to the material?
• Are the axial brainstem nuclei somatic motor or autonomic/parasympathetic motor?
• The statement 'The thoracic spinal cord contains all Axial nuclei' is true.
• Where is the facial motor nucleus located?
• What fibers do gamma motor neurons innervate?
• The trochlear nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Where are intrafusal fibers found?
• Which statement is true about the principal sensory nucleus of CN V?
• The rapid stretch in the stretch reflex is detected by which afferent fiber?
• There is an intermediate horn in the brainstem.
• What are stereotyped movement patterns?
• Which neurons innervate extrafusal fibers?
• The pharynx and larynx mediate which functions?
• Which statement about the nucleus ambiguus is true?
• The salivatory nuclei contribute to which physiological process?
• Motor responses rely on an interplay of which components?
• Accessory nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve?
• Does the sympathetic system have nuclei in the brainstem?
• Intrafusal fibers are embedded within which structure?
• The thoracic spinal cord contains all which nuclei?
• Axial = Nuclei are closer to the midline or further from it?
• Which nucleus is associated with pupil constriction as part of autonomic control?
• The nucleus ambiguus is associated with which two structures?
• Where is the dorsal motor nucleus located?
• Which nuclei are considered axial brainstem nuclei?
• In which part of the brainstem is the hypoglossal nucleus located?
• Gamma motor neurons perform which function?
• Which receptor detects rapid stretch in the stretch reflex?
• In the stretch reflex with reciprocal inhibition, what is the initial action of the Ia afferent fiber?
• The parasympathetic division originates from which region?
• Which statement is true about alpha and gamma motor neurons?
• What is the result of the monosynaptic excitation step in the stretch reflex?
• The nucleus ambiguus is located in the medulla in which portions?
• Visceral motor brainstem nuclei are primarily involved in which type of motor control?
• Which statement is true about the axial brainstem nuclei?
• Craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in which locations?
• In the stretch reflex with reciprocal inhibition, which describes the second step?
• The term 'Lumbar' refers to which limbs?
• In neuroanatomy, distal relative to the midline means nuclei are which of the following?
• Trochlear nucleus corresponds to which cranial nerve number?
• Where are the salivatory nuclei located?
• Preganglionic neuron nuclei are located in which regions?
• What are the distal motor nuclei of the brainstem? (4)
• The preganglionic neuron (LMN) of parasympathetic neurons synapses on the postsynaptic neuron (LMN) in a ______
• Ganglionic cell bodies are located in which part of the nervous system?
• Thoracolumbar preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in which spinal regions?